ASOG 2022 Focus Area: Career Management
Shared By: ASOG Career Center
We just got this job announcement from 2Excel Aviation (Gary Lovett, Deputy Head of Department – Special Missions). They’re looking for an ASO to support their special mission operations.
If your interested in the job, review the job announcement below and respond to 2Excel accordingly.
ASOG 2022 Focus Area: News & Information
Posted By: ASOG Desk Editor
ASOG Core Members,
FYI, check your inbox (or spam box) for January's ASOG e-Newsletter. The January e-Newsletter has a lot of new information regarding jobs, new members, corporate supporters, ASOG's Flight Plan for 2022, and more.
For visitors, to join the core group and to start receiving the ASOG monthly e-Newsletter, go to the upper right-hand corner of the ASOG homepage and click the "Sign-Up" button…that easy!
ASOG Members,
First, I want to thank those members who provided inputs and ideas…Super Job! Without your input, we as a community might be shooting our efforts off target. So, once more, Thank You!
Feedback
The call for inputs ended on the 15th of January. Based on your inputs and feedback, the main areas of interest or focus for 2022 have not changed. They are:
Some of the specific recommendations provided are:
ASOG 2022 Flight Plan
Based on last year and this year's inputs, the group plans to work on the following specific projects & initiatives:
*** NOTE ***
Don't forget. Currently, ASOG is an open platform/network for professional individuals (like you) and ASOG Corporate Supporters to share experiences and knowledge to help individual career efforts, advance aircrew operations, and improve the aerial remote-sensing profession. So, if you want to go beyond punching a time card and choose to stretch yourself professionally, ASOG is the place for you to volunteer your time and expertise.
If you have any questions regarding the ASOG 2022 Focus Areas or have a general question, please drop me a note at pryan@aso-group.org.
Thank You, Everyone!
Patrick
Patrick Ryan | Managing Director | Airborne Sensor Operators Group (ASOG)
ASOG 2022 Focus Areas: News & Information, Industry Support
Shared By: Churchill Navigation – SHOTOVER (CEO, Tom Churchill)
This just came into the ASOG Desk Editors inbox from one of our ASOG Corporate Supports – Churchill Navigation (now SHOTOVER). Tom is a connection and member of the ASOG LinkedIn group. If you want to learn more about SHOTOVER and their products, go to the ASOG Corporate Supporter page and click on their logo.
In the year since SHOTOVER and Churchill Navigation merged, Brad Hurndell and I have worked together to ensure the new, combined SHOTOVER Systems is stronger and more innovative than ever.
With SHOTOVER's change in leadership that came a year ago, we also began a process of ensuring continuity as our company evolves. While Brad Hurndell has recently departed SHOTOVER, the vision, the knowledge base and the team dedicated to unrivaled level of service remains, so you can rest assured that we are in an excellent position to continue supporting your needs.
Our VP of Gimbal Sales, Gordon Barry, will continue providing advice related to our products and services. Charlie Dowson Park, Aziel Mohammed, Nick Sprague and the rest of the worldwide support staff will continue ensuring all SHOTOVER products perform well. And our electrical, mechanical, and software engineering teams – all of which have grown substantially – are hard at work designing the next generation of products for the creative industry, while also enabling customers to recognize additional revenue by pursuing work in the utility, firefighting, and other markets.
The results of this effort will be on full display at this year’s NAB show:
These new capabilities are largely driven by software – and software, unlike hardware, can easily be upgraded at no cost – meaning even more goodness is yet to come.
Image: Hoover Dam with Augmented Reality Overlays from 10,000 feet,
Canon 50-1000mm lens, SHOTOVER M1
Our entire team is looking forward to showing you what we’ve been up to during the pandemic, and we hope to be able to see you in person soon!
Best wishes,
Tom Churchill
CEO, SHOTOVER Systems
Image: OSCE/Athanasios Kaltsis
ASOG 2022 Focus Area: Career Management
Posted By: ASOG Career Center
ASOG Members,
“This Short Notice – Short Response Time” job announcement came into the ASOG in-box last night. This is US focused, but your country (if a participant in the OSCE) might have a similar job opening in the OSCE. If you miss this opportunity, keep checking for another opening in the future.
--------PAE-REACT Announcement
PAE-REACT is seeking US citizen candidates for nomination to the following seconded position at the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) in the security sector. Please apply for and/or circulate the following vacancies to your professional network(s) at the earliest time.
EXTENDED! The OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine is seeking (2) Technical Monitoring Officers / UAV Operators (OPE000009), a senior professional with a first-level university degree in a relevant field, 6+ years of progressively responsible professional experience, including 1+ year in the field of civilian or military aviation strongly preferred.
The position requires: experience piloting military or civilian manned aircrafts (helicopters or planes); experience operating small to large multi-rotor or fixed-wing UAVs in a military, law enforcement or commercial setting; experience in planning aerial operations, or on projects related to unmanned aviation; experience working in a demanding and constantly changing operational environment; sound organizational skills, with the ability to communicate clearly and concisely and work to tight deadlines under minimum supervision; strong diplomatic skills, cultural sensitivity and political judgement; strong analytical and report writing skills; gender awareness and sensitivity, as well as the ability to integrate a gender perspective into tasks and activities; ability to cope with physical hardship and willingness to work extra hours and in an environment with limited infrastructure; proven resilience to high stress environments; ability to work as a member of a team, with people of different cultures, religions, genders, and political views.
Desirable: current UAV or remotely piloted aircraft system license provided by national aviation authorities or internationally recognized UAV training centers; working knowledge of Russian and/or Ukrainian language(s); experience in utilizing image and video editing software; experience in analyzing aerial images and in identifying military equipment; experience in using Geographic Information System (GIS) applications; possession of 'C' driving license. The OSCE is committed to diversity and inclusion within its workforce. Qualified US citizens are invited to apply for this OSCE seconded post ASAP, but no later than 11:59pm (GMT -5) Wednesday, 26 January 2022 at https://www.pae.com/current-opportunities-react
In order to receive full consideration, interested applicants are advised to:
Thanks and kind regards,
MELISSA L. STONE, PHD
REACT SENIOR RECRUITING MANAGER & FOCAL POINT FOR US ELECTION OBSERVERS
1320 N. Courthouse Rd. Suite 700
Arlington, VA 22201
ASOG 2022 Focus Area: News & Information
Shared By: George DeCock
Hey everyone, this might be of interest to some of you. Below is an article that compares the new 8K video format against the present 4K – and puts the 8K ‘advantages’ in perspective based on viewing the video on the ground. For airborne operations these ground conditions don’t apply (very large screen size, operator-to-screen distance, etc), except for the ability to have greater digital zoom. But for post-mission analysis, via 8K recording or air-ground RF transmission, this may open up some more ‘visibility’ into target images. (GIZMODO, By Daniel Kolitz, 3 Jan 2022)
ASOG Article of the Month: January 2022
ASOG Author: Patrick Ryan
Without saying, the word "Airborne Sensor Operator" projects you're the high-tech expert to others. But, especially when it comes to collection systems and aspects of what is going on in your particular Aerial Work flight operation. If you didn't perceive this sense, you need to "pickup your game" to help improve your working knowledge and aerial collection efforts.
So with that, what is the electromagnetic spectrum and its importance to you as an ASO?
At its core, The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum is the scale of all types of EM radiation. Radiation is energy that travels and spreads out as it goes – the visible light that comes from a lamp in your house and the radio waves that come from a radio station are two types of electromagnetic radiation. The other kinds of EM radiation that make up the electromagnetic spectrum are microwaves, infrared light, ultraviolet light, X-rays, and gamma-rays. (NASA CILab, 2016)
Electromagnetic radiation can be described as a stream of mass-less particles, called photons, each traveling in a wave-like pattern at the speed of light. Each photon contains a certain amount of energy. The different types of radiation are defined by the amount of energy found in the photons. For example, radio waves have photons with low energies, and microwave photons have a little more energy than radio waves, infrared photons have still more, then visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, and, the most energetic of all, gamma-rays. (NASA GSFC, 2013)
ASOs who choose to learn about the electromagnetic spectrum not only gain the skills needed to understand complex sensors and systems (e.g., EO/IR, LiDAR, SAR, etc.) but come away with strong analytical and troubleshooting skills, as well as technical understanding necessary to succeed in the ASO world. In fact, having a basic understanding of the electromagnetic spectrum can be helpful for professionals in all industries, not just in aviation and remote-sensing.
Here's a look at several advantages of learning about the electromagnetic spectrum and how it can benefit your aerial remote sensing organization, flight crew, and career:
There are many routes available for those looking to learn about the electromagnetic spectrum. Depending on your personal and professional goals, your current stage in life, and other important factors, you can learn about the spectrum from the comfort of your smartphone to taking a course at a local college.
So, if you are itching to get started to learn or just want to refresh yourself on the basics of the electromagnetic spectrum, here are a few sources that I think are perfect for the job:
Whether you're new to the Airborne Sensor Operator world or an experienced ASO, having a thorough understanding of how radiation energy affects your job is essential to success.
ASOG 2022 Focus Area: Industry Support
Posted By: ASOG Desk Editor
It’s an honor to have a new corporate supporter who’s goal is to improve the Aerial Fire Fighting sector and to ensure our communities are safe from the devastating effects of wildfires. We are beyond delighted to announce - FireFlight Technologies Pty. Ltd – is now a new ASOG Corporate Supporter.
If you didn’t know, FireFlight Technologies provides real time wildfire intelligence using thermal sensors mounted on manned aircraft and UAVs. The FireFlight system comprises thermal imaging sensors; high precision GPS; flight management software; real time image processing algorithms; and web-delivery technology. The system delivers geospatially accurate fire maps to users in real time.
If you want to learn more about FireFlight Technologies and their products, check them out on the ASOG Corporate Supporter page (clicking their Logo). – OR - You can "Friend" David Bradshaw (Operations Manager at FireFlight Technologies) and send him a message via the ASOG e-mail service.
ASOG 2021 Focus Area: Career Management
Shared By: Sophie Nunn
Position Description: APEM Position Descriptions - Aerial Survey Task Specialist (UK) , Airborne Sensor Operator (USA)
ASOG Members,
Sophie Nunn (ASOG LinkedIn Connection) sent us two new job opportunities. One ASO position is in the UK and the other is in the USA. If you are interested, review the job descriptions and contact APEM accordingly or network with Sophie Nunn (linkedin.com/in/sophie-nunn-19247013).
ASOG Career Center
ASOG 2022 Focus Area: News & Information
Shared By: AVBuyer, 23rd December 2021, Astrid Ayling
Have you ever thought you could have a large, hazardous pipeline underneath or near your neighbourhood? If so, you probably wondered “How is the pipeline industry keeping these pipes safe?” AVBuyer ‘unearths’ the truth of how one part of this industry, the Pipeline Patrol and ASOs of Aerial Work aviation, is part of that safety net, ensuring those critical lines are safe and effective.
ASOG 2022 Focus Area: News & Information
Source: PictureCorrect, August 21st, 2017, Paul Schlismann
If you are interested in breaking into the ASO career field of Aerial Photography, here is a good article from a veteran professional Aerial Photographer. Paul provides many sensible tips and best practices when it comes to taking images from a moving aircraft.
ASOG 2021 Focus Area: Industry Support
Posted By: ASOG Desk Editor
Once again, It's great to see industry recognize the ASO profession and our group's efforts. We are happy to announce another new ASOG Corporate Supporter this week and the start of the New Year – FLYSIGHT.
FlySight S.r.l., as a part of the Flyby Group, is the subsidiary company dedicated to the defence and security sector. This specific company was born exploiting the years of Flyby experience in satellite remote sensing and data analytics.
FlySight team is specialized in designing and developing cutting-edge software in the field of C4ISR systems (Command, Control, Computer, Communication for Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance).
If you want to learn more about FlySight and their products, check them out on the ASOG Corporate Supporter page (clicking their Logo). Also, you can "Friend" Andrea Masini (CTO at FlySight Srl & Board of Director at Flyby Srl at FlySight) and send him a message via the ASOG e-mail service.
ASOG Article of the Month: December 2021
ASOG Author: Patrick Ryan
As I've said many times before, many actions, procedures, and responsibilities are not on the shoulders of one crew member, i.e., the pilot. Everyone on a flight crew, be it rated crewmembers to non-rated, should be applying the same practices, methods, and techniques. In this case, it's Checklist Discipline.
In aviation, a checklist is a list of tasks that aircrew should perform during all phases of flight. Specifically, aircrew use checklists for normal and non-normal operations, be it the aircraft or specialized systems (e.g., sensors, mission management systems, data links, etc.): for routine situations, landings, take-offs, collection operations, malfunctions, and emergencies.
There are many ways to ensure critical and non-critical tasks are accomplished regarding any flight operation. However, one method heavily used by many aircrews (manned and unmanned aircraft) in aviation is the "Flow-Check" method. This method is based on an aircrew member training and gaining experience with a particular aircraft or remote-sensor system to quickly and correctly accomplish all critical tasks required for flight and the mission.
First, a checklist means you use the list to check things. It's not meant to be a to-do-list. If you use a checklist as a to-do-list, you only have one opportunity to catch an error. If you have a preflight sensor flow followed by a checklist review, you have two chances to catch a mistake.
The flow part of this method consists of conducting actions from memory in a logical direction, say from left to right or up and down in the cockpit, crew compartment, or drone operation area. A preflight flow, for example, typically involves checking nearly every switch and system as well as circuit breakers and emergency equipment. Subsequent flows are typically shorter but nearly always follow a logical order.
One technique used to help with remembering what to check and in what order to flow is a mnemonic device. A mnemonic device is a simple acronym that breaks down a particular checklist into hunks and chunks. Here is an example of such an aviation mnemonic device:
Regarding checking, there is also a discipline in using checklists. Checklists are usually printed on a card or kneeboard size page, sometimes laminated, and often folded vertically or lengthways. A single page is divided into many separate checklists. Additionally, checklists are presented electronically on a screen with newer aircraft, though a hard copy is always available.
Disruptions are the most common form of checklist mistakes. Some practices to apply to be sure the checklist gets continued to accomplishment is to recall your place or you can keep your finger on the point where you stopped. Can't remember where you left off? Just start over if you are not sure.
Professional aircrew members also use various techniques to ensure they don't forget to do a checklist. Usually, they leave the checklist in a prominent place (i.e., in front of a sensor operator workstation screen or on a kneeboard) to not be forgotten. There are numerous ways to cover your tail when using checklist, and different aircraft require different disciplines.
As a non-rated aircrew member, you don't need the same level of knowledge or experience as rated crewmembers when flying the aircraft. However, what makes a true professional non-rated aircrew member or Airborne Sensor Operator is having a baseline knowledge of the task for each phase of flight.
One technique is to learn aviation mnemonic devices for each phase of flight. With this general level of knowledge, one can back up the pilot(s) or assist in accomplishing these tasks. Additionally, running these acronyms in your head will improve your Situational Awareness (SA) and keep you "ahead-of-the-jet."
Another technique, and depending on the type of aircraft you fly and your crew position, you can support the pilot or UAS operator by reading aloud in a "challenge/response format" items on the checklist. Basically, you read the checklist task, and the pilot calls out the completion of the task. By doing this, you improve your knowledge while you ensure your flight runs safely and smoothly.
As you can tell, using a checklist is a critical practice to ensure that mistakes like damaging a million-dollar sensor or landing gear-up don't happen. However, checklist discipline doesn't have to be complicated or a nuisance. Instead, applying some basic methods, techniques, and practices can be a quick, correct, and reassuring process.
So, the next time you're scheduled to fly, take a few minutes, review your crew position checklist, and see if you can improve on them. Additionally, to grow as a professional non-rated aircrew member or ASO, stretch yourself and learn about other crew position checklist and task with an eye on safety, SA, and teamwork.
ASOG 2021 Focus Area: News & Information
Posted By: ASOG Desk Editor
If we had an ASOG video of the month showing what our members do and what our profession is about, this would definitely be the winner for this month. One of our core ASOG members (Ax Verhij) is the clip's star. According to Ax remarks on LinkedIn:
"A short promotional video originally intended for the Dutch Caribbean Coast Guard website, explaining what a Sensor Operator does and what the Dutch Caribbean Coast Guard Dash 8 Maritime Patrol Aircraft is capable of in terms of SAR and Counter Drug Operations in the Caribbean.
This video is in Dutch since it's mainly focused on the local Dutch viewers but still contains interesting footage that's probably recognizable to most of my fellow followers/colleagues in the ISR Aviation industry."
If you want to know more, you can "Friend" Ax here on the ASOG homepage and PM him on the ASOG e-mail service.
"Great job Ax! Keep up the Great Work!"
Dear ASOG Members & Visitors,
Best Wishes this Holiday Season! We pause to say thank you and wish you a joyous holiday with peace and prosperity in the New Year. With that, get out there and “Kick the Tires and Light the Fires.”
Again, Best Wishes and Enjoy Life!
Patrick
Patrick Ryan | ASOG Managing Director
ASOG 2021 Focus Area: News & Information
Posted By: ASOG Desk Editor | Mark Pomerleau, C4ISRNET, Dec 16, 2021
I thought this was an interesting article to share with the group. I came across this article published by C4ISRNET – "US Air Force cyber team demonstrates first-ever in-flight mission." It highlights the demonstration of cyber warfare teams conducting in-flight operations. That's a first for me. It's great to see the Airborne Sensor Operator profession and EW world innovating and expanding, i.e., the Airborne Sensor Operator career field continues to thrive and grow.
US Air Force cyber team demonstrates first-ever in-flight mission
ASOG 2021 Focus Area: General ASOG Management
Posted By: Patrick Ryan
ASOG Members,
Like the previous years, it's time as a group to review, adjust and prioritize ASOG's focus areas for 2022. The due date for inputs is 15 Jan 2022. The main Categories are:
Below this note, you can review each category's specifics (goals and objectives). Then, as members, you can recommend changes or additions. The rationale of the ASOG Focus Areas is to help manage everyone's interest and efforts regarding individuals' and corporate supporters' participation and end-states.
Again, ASOG is an open platform/network for professional individuals (like you) to share their experiences and knowledge to help individual career efforts, advance aircrew operations, and improve the aerial remote-sensing profession.
If you have an input, you can quickly respond here on the blog page or send me a separate message no later than 15 Jan 2022. Again, like last year, I'm looking forward to your inputs and recommendations. Plus, I hope everyone has a safe and festive Holiday and New Year!
Best Regards,
Patrick
Patrick Ryan | ASOG Managing Director | pryan@aso-group.org
--------------------- Draft ASOG 2022 Focus Areas
Goal: Enhance the operational functions of the Airborne Sensor Operators Group (ASOG).
Objective:
Goal: Promote, support, and provide the means for individual members and corporate supporters to network professionally.
Objectives:
Goal: Provide and support disseminating relevant information regarding the ASO profession, manned & unmanned aviation, and aerial remote sensing (IA/GIS), e.g., new technologies & services, trends, best practices, career management, safety topics, industry developments, etc.
Objectives:
Goal: Promote and advocate the ASO profession.
Objectives:
Goal: Identify, promote, and advocate professional standards that enhance ASO skills, knowledge, and performance that result in excellent practices and support professional growth.
Objectives:
Goal: Identify, promote, and advocate training and education standards and opportunities.
Objectives:
Goal: Identify, promote, and advocate professional certifications that validate ASO skills, knowledge, and performance.
Objectives:
Goal: Support individual members' career development and job placement.
Objectives:
Goal: Support corporate supporters' business development and operational requirements.
Objectives:
ASOG Focus Area 2021: News & Information
Shared By: Astrid Ayling
This article came in from one of our members (Astrid Ayling). Astrid thought it would be informative and educational for the community.
What does a rescue helicopter sound like to a victim when approaching? “Joy, Reassurance, Hope?” Suppose you want to know how Search and Rescue (SAR) helicopters bring relief to victims and their families. In that case, one of ASOGs Corporate Supports highlights the unique elements of this critical lifesaving operation and how the helicopter gets the job done.
The Leading Edge of Search & Rescue Operations: Aerial Work Helicopters
ASOG 2021 Focus Area: Career Management
Shared By: Luke Aspinall
Position Description: SYPAQ Position Description - Aerial Sensor Operator - ISP.pdf
ASOG Article of the Month: November 2021
ASOG Author: Patrick Ryan
Aviation Safety concerns are the most relevant in all aviation sectors, be it GA, Airlines, and Aerial Work aviation. This is because so many human lives are always at stake, making it worth all the right reasons to improve on it. Additionally, in the civil aviation sector (especially in the Aerial Work aviation community), the economic effect of an accident or regulatory violation can be a disaster regarding staying in business for many medium and small companies.
One of the primary reasons accidents & violations happen is due to human error in the cockpit and between the various crew members. The fuel that usually feeds human error is a lack of professionalism, skills, and a poor safety mindset at different levels within the various career fields that make up the aviation community.
The "Link "that I'm talking about is the civil non-rated Airborne Sensor Operator (ASO) career field. This profession is a global group of highly skilled technical individuals focused, along with rated pilots, on collecting information or data from an aircraft for critical governments and commercial-type applications. For instance:
Since the beginning of man flight, ASOs have directly participated as crew members in civil and military aerial remote sensing operations. Today, hundreds and even thousands of individuals operate as ASOs on and off-board a manned or unmanned aircraft worldwide and across the spectrum of Aerial Work aviation. To highlight this point, search the internet and what you'll find are many job postings for:
However, ASO's have been overlooked or ignored by the global aviation community regarding standards, training, and developing a safety mindset equal to rated Pilots, Flight Dispatchers, and Flight Engineers. Again, search the internet, and you'll find very little regarding specific civil aviation regulations or non-government organizations producing or promoting standards for this profession, i.e., the Civil Aviation Authorities, industry, and the aviation world, in general, are not "closing the link."
Bottomline - The aviation sector is failing not to recognize and take action to mitigate a source of risk.
When it comes to the question of what is an ASO, one would argue that there is no safety "Missing Link" because the Airborne Sensor Operator is just a:
Additionally, others would argue that individual civil ASO's are not in direct control of the aircraft like a Pilot or Flight Engineer, which mitigates them as a link in the risk management process. Therefore, no need to establish and enforce standards for this aircrew profession.
Plus, others would say civil ASO's should informally mirror pilot & remote pilot standards and best practices to meet the job's critical safety & task expectations. But, in general, it should not bother the established civil aviation community with another area of improvement. Or industry should hire from the various militaries worldwide for well-trained ASO's.
The counter-argument to this is the true intent of Civil Aviation Safety – "Mitigate Risk." The means of mitigating this risk is to identify areas of improvement and apply the appropriate actions or efforts in a rigorous & standardized manner.
In this case – Airborne Sensor Operators. Allowing a group of professionals to participate in flight activities without universal guidance and oversight is a formula for trouble. Developing and implementing mechanisms to professionalize the ASO aircrew position, the civil aviation community will shave off accident percentages, ASOs will improve their skills, and commercial firms will protect their bottom-line.
Like with any problem, there is a solution. In this case, the solution is no different than the qualification process used for rated crewmembers, i.e., standards, training, and certification.
The first step is to establish and publish standards. This action consists of civil aviation authorities (ICAO, CAA, FAA, EASA, etc.) to recognize this aircrew position and establish basic operating standards. Doing so will provide an authoritative framework for non-government organizations (Associations, Aviation Societies, Industry, etc.) to refine & improve specific non-rated ASO/flight crew safety and qualification programs, i.e., Professionalize with safety and improvement mindset.
The second step is to establish ASO training programs focused on airmanship and remote-sensing knowledge linked to the above civil aviation and industry standards. To achieve this training, non-governmental organizations (Flight Schools, etc.) would develop and offer dedicated training courses for ASO crewmembers beyond what is offered today.
Formal ASO training for ASO's will educate a group of active flying participants who lacked access to such training in the past. Without a doubt, this approach will help expand the expertise within manned and unmanned flight operations and diminish some of the risks associated with flying.
The third and final step is to establish professional Certifications to formally validate an individual ASO's level of knowledge and experience. Like with other aviation professions establishing a global certification system will enhance the professionalism of the ASO/Aircrew member career field while providing commercial & non-commercial entities the means to mitigate risk by hiring quickly & correctly with a standard qualification criterion.
Again, It appears the aviation community has a "Missing Link" in its safety perspective. The link is related to a particular highly skilled aviation group, in this case, the Airborne Sensor Operator.
As of today, the ASO profession, in general, is not recognized or formalized by many civil aviation authorities around the world. Because of this, the ASO profession lacks the formalization to guide participants to the next level of professionalism & a safety mindset equal to other critical aviation careers fields. By incrementally formalizing this profession through standards, training, and certification programs, the aviation community as a whole, as it should, can improve its safety margins!
However, today, the aviation industry sector is failing not to recognize and take action to mitigate a source of risk. It doesn't make sense. Why the non-action?
