News & Information

ASOG Focus Area | Training & Education

Source | ASOG Training Center

Transitioning to a new aircraft as a non-rated aircrew member or Airborne Sensor Operator (ASO) presents unique challenges and opportunities. Adapting to different platforms requires a strategic approach to training and skill development.

The following two articles will give you the foundation of smoothly and effectively transitioning to new types or categories of aircraft and associated systems. Here are ten tips to help you navigate this process effectively:​

1 . Embrace a Learner's Mindset

Approach the transition with openness and curiosity. Recognize that each aircraft has distinct systems and operational nuances. Being receptive to new information will facilitate a smoother learning experience.

2. Engage in Formal Training Programs

Enroll in structured training courses specific to the new aircraft. These programs provide comprehensive instruction on aircraft systems, sensor operations, and mission protocols. For example, the U.S. Air Force offers specialized training for Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) sensor operators, focusing on surveillance, reconnaissance, and real-time battle damage assessment.

3. Utilize Simulation-Based Training

Leverage advanced simulation tools to gain hands-on experience in a controlled environment. Simulators allow you to practice operating various sensors and managing flight scenarios, enhancing your proficiency before actual flight operations. Companies like MAK Technologies offer flexible simulation products designed for sensor operator training.

4. Study Aircraft Manuals and Technical Documents

Review the aircraft's operating manuals, technical orders, and sensor system guides. Understanding the theoretical aspects of the aircraft's systems will complement practical training and improve your overall competence.

5. Seek Mentorship and Peer Support

Connect with experienced ASOs and aircrew with prior experience with the new aircraft. Their insights and practical tips can provide valuable perspectives not always covered in formal training. Engaging with professional associations, such as the Airborne Sensor Operators Group (ASOG), can facilitate these connections.

6. Participate in Cross-Training Opportunities

If available, engage in cross-training programs that expose you to different roles and responsibilities within the aircrew. This holistic understanding can enhance coordination and communication during missions.

7. Practice Effective Communication Skills

Clear and concise communication is vital in aircrew operations. Familiarize yourself with the specific communication protocols and terminology associated with the new aircraft to ensure seamless interaction with the flight team.

8. Adapt and Problem-Solve

Each aircraft may present unique challenges during operations. Cultivate the ability to adapt quickly and think critically to resolve possible issues, ensuring mission success and safety.

9. Commit to Continuous Learning

Aviation technology and methodologies are continually evolving. Stay informed about advancements related to your role and the aircraft you operate. Pursue ongoing education and training opportunities to keep your skills sharp and up-to-date.

Conclusion

By implementing these strategies, non-rated aircrew and airborne sensor operators can effectively transition to new aircraft platforms, enhancing their operational effectiveness and contributing to mission success.​

ASOG Focus Area | Career Management

Source | ASOG Career Center

As the profession's demands continue to grow and change with advancements in technology and shifts in operational focus, it becomes increasingly essential for ASOs to adapt and evolve in their roles.

In the fast-paced and ever-evolving field of airborne operations, the contribution of non-rated aircrew members, such as Airborne Sensor Operators (ASOs), is indispensable to achieving mission objectives. These skilled professionals are the backbone of various operations, leveraging their expertise to ensure precision and efficiency in tasks ranging from reconnaissance to tactical support.

One of the most effective ways to stay ahead in this dynamic industry is through comprehensive cross-training. Developing proficiency across multiple platforms, mastering the intricacies of diverse sensor systems, and understanding the nuances of different mission profiles empower ASOs to excel in their positions. This approach enhances their ability to contribute meaningfully to their teams and secures their career resilience by expanding their skill sets. Furthermore, diversification opens pathways to new opportunities within the aviation industry, fostering professional growth and long-term stability.

The Importance of Cross-Training

Cross-training involves acquiring competencies in various systems, technologies, and operational environments beyond one's initial specialization. For ASOs and similar non-rated aircrew, this approach offers several advantages:​

• Adaptability: Proficiency across different platforms and sensors allows for a seamless transition between roles and missions, making you a versatile asset to any team.​
• Career Advancement: A diverse skillset can position you for leadership roles and specialized positions that require a broad understanding of multiple systems.​
• Job Security: As technological advancements and mission requirements evolve, cross-trained personnel remain valuable and less susceptible to redundancy.​

Key Areas for Cross-Training

To build a robust and adaptable career, consider focusing on the following areas:

Multiple Aircraft Platforms

Familiarize yourself with the operational characteristics and sensor integrations of various aircraft types, including:​

• Fixed-Wing Aircraft: Commonly used for large-area surveillance and reconnaissance missions.​
• Rotary-Wing Aircraft: Ideal for missions requiring hover capabilities and maneuverability in confined spaces.​
• Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS): Increasingly prevalent in modern operations, offering extended endurance and reduced risk to personnel.​

Diverse Sensor Systems

Gain proficiency in operating and interpreting data from a range of sensor technologies, such as:​

• Electro-Optical (EO) Sensors: Provide high-resolution imagery in the visible spectrum.​
• Infrared (IR) Sensors: Detect heat signatures, useful for night operations and identifying heat-emitting targets.​
• Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR): Offers all-weather, day-and-night imaging capabilities, penetrating obscurants like clouds and smoke.​
• LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging): Generates precise 3D maps of terrain and structures, aiding in detailed analysis and planning.​

Varied Mission Profiles

Expand your experience across different operational contexts, including:​

• Aerial Surveying and Mapping: Collecting and disseminating geospatial information to support commercial and government purposes.
• Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR): Collecting and analyzing information to support strategic and tactical decision-making.​
• Search and Rescue (SAR): Locating and assisting distressed individuals, often under challenging conditions.​
• Aerial Firefighting: Monitoring and directing firefighting efforts from the air, utilizing specialized sensors to assess fire behavior.​
• Maritime Patrol: Conducting surveillance over coastal and open water areas to detect and deter illicit activities.​

Strategies for Effective Cross-Training

To successfully broaden your skillset, consider the following approaches:

• Formal Education and Certification: Enroll in courses and obtain certifications related to new platforms and sensor systems. Institutions and organizations often offer specialized training programs tailored to airborne operations.​
• On-the-Job Training: Seek opportunities within your organization to work alongside experienced personnel in different roles. Hands-on experience is invaluable for mastering new skills.​
• Simulation-Based Training: Utilize advanced simulation tools to practice operating various sensors and platforms in a controlled environment. These simulations can replicate complex scenarios, enhancing your decision-making skills. ​
• Networking and Professional Associations: Join professional groups and forums related to airborne operations. Engaging with a community of peers can provide insights into emerging technologies and best practices.  
• Self-Study: Stay informed about industry trends, technological advancements, and evolving mission requirements through literature, webinars, and other educational resources.​

Overcoming Challenges in Cross-Training

While cross-training offers numerous benefits, it also presents specific challenges:

• Time Commitment: Balancing additional training with existing duties requires effective time management and prioritization.​
• Resource Availability: Access to training programs and equipment may be limited; proactively seek out opportunities and advocate for professional development within your organization.​
• Information Overload: Learning multiple systems simultaneously can be overwhelming; focus on mastering one area before progressing to the next to ensure depth of knowledge.​

Key Takeaway

In an era of technological advancements and mission parameters continually shifting, cross-training is a cornerstone for building a resilient and fulfilling career for non-rated aircrew members like Airborne Sensor Operators. By embracing the challenge of learning across multiple platforms, sensors, and mission profiles, you enhance your professional versatility and contribute more effectively to the success and safety of airborne operations.

ASOG Focus Area | Career Management

Source | ASOG Career Center

Aerial firefighting is one of the most demanding and time-sensitive operations, requiring seamless precision, acute situational awareness, and unwavering coordination to achieve mission success. While pilots maneuver aircraft with skill and ground crews execute critical containment strategies, airborne sensor operators (ASOs) are indispensable in this life-saving chain.

These specialized professionals play a pivotal role in detecting, monitoring, and assessing wildfires, harnessing cutting-edge sensor technologies to gather and process vital data.

Through infrared cameras, thermal imaging systems, and other advanced tools, ASOs provide real-time intelligence that empowers command teams to make informed decisions under pressure. Their contributions enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of firefighting tactics and elevate safety measures, protecting both personnel and communities in harm's way. In an arena where every moment counts, the expertise of ASOs serves as a cornerstone in maximizing operational efficiency and achieving mission objectives.

The Role of Airborne Sensor Operators in Aerial Firefighting

ASOs serve as mission specialists aboard fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, and unmanned aerial systems (UAS), using various sensors to track fire behavior, map terrain, and relay critical data to incident commanders. Their work supports:

• Early Fire Detection – Infrared (IR) and thermal imaging sensors allow ASOs to identify wildfires at their inception, even in low-visibility conditions like smoke or nighttime operations.
• Fire Behavior Monitoring – ASOs track the movement of active fire fronts, helping crews anticipate changes in direction and intensity based on wind, terrain, and fuel conditions.
• Situational Awareness for Air and Ground Crews – By providing live data and imagery, ASOs ensure that pilots and ground crews have up-to-date intelligence for safe and effective firefighting operations.
• Damage Assessment and Recovery Planning – Post-fire sensor data analysis helps authorities assess damage, identify hotspots, and efficiently plan recovery efforts.

An example of an aerial firefighting aircraft that utilizes Airborne Sensor Operators (ASOs) is the Pilatus PC-12, operated by Bridger Aerospace. This Multi-Mission Aircraft (MMA) is equipped with advanced imaging systems, enabling ASOs to provide real-time wildfire imagery and video to frontline firefighters, enhancing tactical decision-making during firefighting operations. ​

Technology and Tools Used by ASOs

Modern ASOs rely on an array of sophisticated tools to gather and analyze fire-related data, including:

• Infrared and Thermal Imaging – Detects heat signatures of active and smoldering fires, allowing for precise mapping even through thick smoke.
• LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) – Generates high-resolution topographic maps for fire spread modeling to evaluate terrain and vegetation density.
• Multispectral and Hyperspectral Sensors – Identifies vegetation types and moisture levels to assess fire risk and potential spread patterns.
• Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) – Provides all-weather imaging capabilities, allowing ASOs to monitor fire activity even in adverse conditions.
• Real-Time Data Transmission – Utilizes satellite and radio communications to relay critical fire data to command centers, ground teams, and other aircraft.

Integration with Firefighting Operations

ASOs work closely with multiple firefighting units to ensure smooth and coordinated efforts. Key areas of integration include:

• Incident Command Support – ASOs provide live updates and fire mapping to support decision-making at command centers, ensuring resources are deployed effectively.
• Airspace Deconfliction – With multiple aircraft operating in the same area, ASOs assist in managing flight paths and safe zones for tankers, helicopters, and drones.
• Tactical Fire Suppression Guidance – ASOs help direct aerial retardant, and water drops with greater precision by identifying high-risk areas and optimal drop zones.
• Cross-Agency Collaboration – ASOs often work alongside federal, state, and local agencies, providing a unified operational picture for firefighting efforts.

Skills and Training for Aerial Firefighting ASOs

ASOs in aerial firefighting require technical expertise, operational experience, and adaptability to function effectively in high-pressure environments. Essential skills and training include:

• Sensor Operation Proficiency – Mastery of infrared, thermal, LiDAR, and multispectral imaging systems to detect and analyze fire conditions.
• Aviation and Airspace Knowledge – Understanding flight operations, airspace management, and coordination with other aircraft in a firefighting environment.
• Fire Behavior and Meteorology – Familiarity with wildfire dynamics, weather patterns, and environmental factors influencing fire spread.
• Tactical Decision-Making – Ability to assess real-time data and provide actionable intelligence to firefighting teams and incident commanders.
• Communication and Coordination – Strong radio communication skills to relay critical information quickly and accurately to pilots, ground teams, and command centers.
• Emergency Response Training – Knowledge of emergency procedures, including evacuation protocols and safety measures in hazardous conditions.
• Regulatory Compliance – Adherence to aviation regulations, firefighting protocols, and interagency operational guidelines.

Many ASOs come from backgrounds in military aviation, law enforcement, or specialized aerial survey operations, receiving additional training through firefighting agencies and certification programs to prepare for wildfire missions.

The Future of ASOs in Aerial Firefighting

As wildfires grow in frequency and intensity due to climate change, the role of ASOs will continue to expand. Future advancements in AI, automation, and sensor technology will enhance their capabilities, including:

• AI-Powered Fire Spread Prediction – Machine learning algorithms will process sensor data in real-time to model fire behavior and suggest optimal firefighting strategies.
• Autonomous Aerial Platforms – The increased use of drones and unmanned aircraft will provide persistent, around-the-clock surveillance of fire-prone areas.
• Enhanced Connectivity and Cloud-Based Analysis – Faster data sharing and processing will enable quicker response times and more precise firefighting tactics.
• Integration with Satellite Imaging – Combining airborne and space-based observations will improve large-scale fire monitoring and mitigation planning.

Key Walk Aways

Airborne Sensor Operators are the unseen but indispensable eyes in the sky for aerial firefighting. By providing critical intelligence through advanced sensor technology, ASOs help firefighters combat wildfires more effectively, safeguard communities, and protect natural resources. As technology evolves, their role will become even more vital in the ongoing battle against wildfires worldwide.

ASOG Article of the Month | March 2024

Source | Patrick Ryan

In the ever-evolving field of aerial remote sensing, the fusion of human intuition and machine precision is redefining the way we collect and analyse environmental, ISR, and geospatial data. Can cutting-edge AI and automation truly match the adaptability of human operators, or is the key to success a seamless partnership between man and machine?

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) and autonomous systems is transforming the landscape of aerial remote sensing. However, rather than replacing human operators, the future lies in the seamless integration of human expertise with machine efficiency. Human-machine teaming (HMT) represents the next evolution of aerial remote sensing, leveraging the strengths of both for superior operational effectiveness.

The Need for Human-Machine Teaming

While unmanned systems have proven invaluable for persistent monitoring, risk reduction, and cost efficiency, they still fall short in areas requiring adaptability, contextual decision-making, and ethical judgment. Human operators bring intuition, strategic thinking, and real-time adaptability that current AI-driven systems struggle to replicate. By integrating manned and unmanned systems, aerial remote sensing missions can achieve higher levels of efficiency, precision, and resilience.

The Role of the Airborne Sensor Operator

In both manned and unmanned aerial remote sensing platforms, the Airborne Sensor Operator (ASO) plays a critical role in human-machine teaming. ASOs bridge the gap between raw data collection and actionable insights by interpreting sensor feeds, managing data fusion, and ensuring mission success. Whether operating onboard a crewed aircraft or remotely controlling sensor payloads on UAVs, ASOs provide the essential human judgment and expertise needed to optimize aerial remote sensing operations.

As technology advances, ASOs will increasingly interact with AI-driven analytics tools to refine data processing and improve mission efficiency. Their role will evolve from direct sensor operation to managing multiple remote sensing assets, overseeing AI-driven automation, and making real-time tactical decisions.

How Human-Machine Teaming Works

Human-machine teaming involves collaborative operations where autonomous or semi-autonomous systems enhance, rather than replace, human capabilities. Some key aspects of this collaboration include:

• Manned-Unmanned Teaming (MUM-T): Human pilots control or coordinate with UAVs to extend aerial remote sensing coverage and improve situational awareness. Systems like the MQ-28 Ghost Bat and Loyal Wingman program are early examples of this concept.
• AI-Driven Decision Support: Advanced AI assists human operators by filtering vast amounts of data, identifying patterns, and suggesting actionable insights, allowing for faster and more informed decision-making.
• Automated Task Management: Machines take on repetitive or high-risk tasks, such as environmental monitoring in hazardous areas, freeing human personnel to focus on complex, high-level analysis and decision-making.

Challenges to Human-Machine Teaming

Despite its potential, human-machine teaming presents several challenges that must be addressed:

• Trust in Automation: Operators must have confidence in AI-driven systems to interpret and execute commands correctly in high-stakes situations.
• Cybersecurity Risks: Integrated systems must be resilient against hacking, electronic warfare, and data manipulation.
• Ethical and Legal Considerations: Clear guidelines are required to define human oversight, data privacy, and accountability for AI-driven actions.
• Interoperability: Ensuring seamless communication and coordination between various platforms, industries, and remote sensing applications remains a key challenge.

Trusting AI—But Not Blindly: Tips for ASOs

As AI-driven tools become more prevalent in aerial remote sensing, Airborne Sensor Operators must learn to balance trust in automation with critical oversight. Here are some key tips on how ASOs can trust AI while remaining cautious:

• Understand AI Limitations: AI excels at processing large datasets quickly but lacks human intuition. ASOs should be aware of its constraints, particularly in complex or unpredictable scenarios.
• Verify AI-Generated Insights: Always cross-check AI-provided data with manual analysis and contextual understanding. Blindly trusting AI without human validation can lead to costly errors.
• Recognize Bias in AI Algorithms: Machine learning models are only as good as the data they are trained on. ASOs should be mindful of potential biases in AI outputs, especially in critical decision-making processes.
• Maintain Situational Awareness: While AI can enhance data interpretation, ASOs must remain actively engaged and not become overly reliant on automation. Human oversight is essential in dynamic or rapidly changing environments.
• Utilize AI as a Decision-Support Tool: AI should be viewed as an aid, not a replacement for human expertise. Use it to enhance situational awareness, streamline workflows, and provide recommendations, but always apply human judgment before acting on AI-generated data.
• Ensure Redundancy and Manual Override: AI should not be a single point of failure. ASOs must be prepared to take control and override AI-driven decisions when necessary.
• Stay Updated on AI Developments: Continuous training on emerging AI technologies and best practices will help ASOs make informed decisions about when to trust, and when to question, machine-generated outputs.

The Future of Human-Machine Teaming

The integration of human-machine teaming in aerial remote sensing is only expected to grow. Future developments will focus on refining AI-driven autonomy, improving real-time data sharing, and developing more sophisticated human-machine interfaces.

As technology advances, the key will be ensuring that automation remains an enabler rather than a replacement for human decision-making. By leveraging the strengths of both human expertise and machine precision, aerial remote sensing missions can achieve unparalleled effectiveness, bridging the gap between capability and operational success.

The Final Walk Away - The Aircrew Mindset

AI is a powerful tool, but the aircrew must remain its master. As an ASO, you don’t just operate alongside AI—you command it. AI can process millions of data points in seconds, but it lacks the human element of experience, instinct, and judgment. When you're in the cockpit or monitoring a remote sensing mission, AI is your copilot, not your captain. You must question its outputs, verify its findings, and ensure that its suggestions align with reality. The best aircrew members don’t just trust AI—they challenge it, refine it, and use it to sharpen their decision-making. In an era of increasing automation, the professionals who can skilfully manage AI will be the ones who set the standard for excellence in aerial remote sensing.

ASOG Focus Area | Aviation Safety

Source | ASOG Safety Center

Low-altitude flight is necessary for many airborne sensor operations, from aerial surveying and reconnaissance to law enforcement and environmental monitoring. These missions often require aircraft to fly below 500 feet AGL, where terrain, obstacles, and weather conditions pose significant hazards.

Aircrews have little room for error at these altitudes, and any miscalculation can quickly escalate into an emergency. While pilots are responsible for flight safety, Airborne Sensor Operators (ASOs) and other non-rated aircrews play a crucial role in maintaining operational awareness, assisting in risk mitigation, and ensuring mission success.

Unlike airline or high-altitude operations, where automation and controlled airspace provide layers of protection, low-altitude missions demand constant vigilance and coordination between all crew members. ASOs are often focused on sensor operation, data collection, and mission objectives, but they must also remain actively engaged in the overall safety of the flight. Understanding the risks and implementing effective mitigation strategies can mean the difference between a routine mission and a critical incident.

Understanding the Risks

Flying at low altitudes presents a unique set of challenges that demand constant vigilance:

• Environmental Hazards - Obstacles such as power lines, towers, and terrain require heightened situational awareness. Wildlife, especially birds, can also pose a serious threat. Weather conditions like turbulence, wind shear, and reduced visibility further complicate operations.
• Operational Hazards - Low-level operations often involve high workloads, with the mission crew managing complex sensor systems while maintaining communication with the pilot. Equipment malfunctions or fixation on sensor displays can lead to a dangerous loss of situational awareness.
• Human Factors - Fatigue, stress, and cognitive overload can degrade decision-making and reaction times. Miscommunication between the flight crew, complacency, or over-reliance on automation can also increase risk.

Risk Mitigation Strategies

While risks cannot be eliminated, the following strategies can significantly enhance safety:

• Pre-Mission Planning - Thorough pre-flight briefings are essential for identifying potential hazards and establishing contingency plans. ASOs should review terrain and obstacle data, anticipate environmental challenges, and discuss emergency procedures with the flight crew.
• Crew Resource Management (CRM) - Effective CRM is critical in low-altitude operations. Mission crew members must communicate openly and clearly, using standardized callouts and assertively voicing concerns. Task-sharing and defined roles help prevent overload and ensure critical tasks are not overlooked.
• Operational Techniques - Maintaining a sterile cockpit during critical phases of flight minimizes distractions. ASOs must balance their focus between sensor operation and external scanning to assist in obstacle detection. Awareness of aircraft performance limits—such as stall speeds and turn radius—is also essential in supporting safe maneuvers.
• Technology & Equipment Use - Using Terrain Awareness and Warning Systems (TAWS) and other onboard safety technologies can provide an additional layer of protection. Night vision goggles (NVGs) can improve visibility in low-light operations, but they must be used correctly to avoid visual illusions. Avoiding sensor fixation and ensuring redundancy in system monitoring further enhances safety.

Emergency Preparedness

All aircrew members must be prepared to respond swiftly to emergencies:

• Obstacle or wire strikes - Call out hazards early, and if impact occurs, assist the pilot with situational awareness and emergency actions.
• Bird strikes - Maintain a visual scan and assist in assessing damage post-impact.
• Engine failure - Be familiar with forced landing procedures and provide input if an emergency landing site is needed.

Training in egress procedures and post-crash survival is also essential, especially for operations over water or remote terrain.

Final Takeaway

Low-altitude operations demand a proactive approach to risk mitigation. ASOs and other non-rated aircrew must remain engaged in flight safety, leveraging CRM, situational awareness, and emergency preparedness to support mission success. By fostering a culture of safety and vigilance, mission crew members become essential contributors to risk reduction—ensuring operational effectiveness and crew survival.

Dear ASOG Members,

As we embark on 2025, I'm thrilled to share ASOG's ambitious Flight Plan for the year ahead. Our focus remains on advancing the Airborne Sensor Operator (ASO) profession, expanding our virtual services, and strengthening our global community. Whether you're seeking to connect with peers, gain valuable insights, or advance your career, ASOG is dedicated to providing meaningful opportunities for everyone.

Here's a glimpse of what's on the horizon:

ASOG General Management - We're revamping the ASOG Homepage (ASOG 2.0) with a refreshed design and additional resources to better serve our members. This year, we're also launching a membership number and ID card program to foster a stronger sense of community and provide tangible recognition of your affiliation. Additionally, we'll update membership requirements to balance inclusivity with high professional standards, ensuring a streamlined and valuable experience for all members.

ASOG Virtual Working Groups - Our Virtual Working Groups will spearhead key initiatives, including the ASOG Certification Program, which aims to establish standardized benchmarks of excellence for Airborne Sensor Operators. We're also developing the ASOG Seal of Approval Program, designed to recognize organizations, products, and services that meet the highest standards of quality and professionalism in the ASO field. These efforts are vital to advancing the profession and fostering industry-wide credibility and trust.

ASOG Networking Events - We'll continue hosting regional and local in-person meet-ups, along with introducing the first-of-its-kind virtual ASOG Global Meet-Up, where ASOs, aerial work aviation professionals, and industry leaders worldwide can connect and build meaningful relationships.

ASOG News & Information - This year, we're broadening our reach with exciting virtual programs to keep you informed and engaged:

• Webinar Series “ASOG Spotlight” – Interviews and discussions on key topics for non-rated and rated aerial work aviation aircrew, featuring insights from industry leaders.
• Webinar Series “ASOG Techtalk” – Presentations by industry experts on cutting-edge technologies shaping the ASO profession.
• Podcast “Radio ASOG” – In-depth interviews and conversations on specialized topics, delivered in an engaging and accessible format.

ASOG Training & Education Courses - We're expanding our training offerings with interactive virtual courses and workshops developed in partnership with ASOG and industry experts. To make learning more accessible, all courses will be recorded and available on the ASOG homepage, allowing you to learn at your convenience. Stay tuned for a growing library of resources to support your professional development.

ASOG Career Management News & Information - Career support is a key priority in 2025. We're introducing webinars and programs to help you achieve your professional goals, including:

• Webinar Series “ASOG Career Compass” – Webinars on career paths, resume building, interview preparation, and career transitions.
• ASOG Virtual Career Fair – A platform to explore job opportunities, connect with recruiters, and learn about career paths in the ASO field.

ShopASOG – Official ASOG Merchandise - Per feedback from the community, we plan to launch ShopASOG, your go-to destination for official ASOG-branded merchandise and other aircrew kit! Through our online store, you can purchase high-quality hats, shirts, and other branded gear to proudly represent the ASOG community wherever you go.

As you can see, our 2025 initiatives are powered by the ASOG community. However, to bring it all together, we need your involvement to make them successful!

If you'd like to participate in or support any of these projects or events, contact the ASOG Team at info@aso-group.org. Let's make 2025 a year of growth, innovation, and connection for the ASO and aerial work aviation aircrew profession.

Thank you for being so supportive, and we look forward to seeing your participation throughout the year!

Sincerely,

Patrick Ryan
ASOG President

ASOG Article of the Month | February 2025

Source | Patrick Ryan

Chris "RADAR" Mitchell had always considered himself a top-tier Airborne Sensor Operator. With years of experience under his belt, he had witnessed the rapid integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into aerial survey operations. It was efficient, quick, and, according to the tech developers, nearly infallible...However!

On this particular mission, RADAR was aboard a modified twin-engine survey aircraft tasked with mapping a rugged coastline. The company had recently integrated a cutting-edge AI-driven sensor management system designed to optimize data collection, sensor control, and even some elements of flight guidance. RADAR had been skeptical at first, but after a few flights with the system, he found himself trusting it more than he should have.

"AI has got this," he muttered to himself as he sat back in his chair, watching the automated system work. The LiDAR scanner adjusted itself, the cameras repositioned seamlessly, and the AI even suggested altitude and speed corrections to maximize efficiency. His job had never been easier—or so he thought.

A sudden band of un-forecasted turbulence struck as the aircraft flew deeper into the collection area. The aircraft jolted violently, and RADAR instinctively reached for the sensor controls to stabilize the cameras. The AI, however, had already overridden his input. "Autocorrecting for optimal imaging stability," the system announced in its cold, sterile voice.

"Fine," RADAR sighed, letting it do its thing. The aircraft adjusted slightly, and the turbulence seemed to ease. But something nagged at him. He glanced at the aircraft weather radar display. A rapidly developing storm cell was forming just ahead, one the AI had not accounted for. RADAR tapped the AI system display, trying to override the system to request a deviation from the flight path. The AI denied it.

"Weather anomaly detected. Adjusting flight path to maintain optimal survey coverage. No significant risk detected."

RADAR frowned. "No significant risk? That storm looks bad. We should divert."

"Flight path deviation not recommended. Continuing survey."

This was the moment RADAR realized he had made a critical mistake—he had become too reliant on AI. He had allowed the system to take over, forgetting that technology had limitations, no matter how advanced. His training told him that storm cells in coastal regions could intensify within minutes, yet he had let the AI dictate his actions.

With precious little time left, RADAR flipped the manual override switch. "Pilot, we're changing course—now!" he called over the intercom.

The pilot, who had also been monitoring the situation but had trusted RADAR's call, immediately banked the aircraft away from the storm cell. Just as they altered course, a powerful downdraft slammed into their previous flight path. The AI had failed to predict the sudden shift in weather patterns, and if they had stayed on course, they might have been caught in a dangerous microburst.

RADAR exhaled sharply, his pulse racing. "AI might be smart, but it isn't perfect," he muttered.

As they completed the mission safely, John reflected on the near-miss. AI was an incredible tool, but it was just that—a tool. It was never meant to replace a human operator's judgment, instincts, and experience. Over-reliance on technology without maintaining critical thinking could lead to disaster.

From that day forward, RADAR ensured that he and every ASO he trained treated AI as an assistant, not a decision-maker. In the high-stakes world of aerial surveys and airborne operations, trusting technology blindly could mean the difference between mission success and catastrophe.

ASOG Focus Area | Career Management

Source | ASOG Career Center

The Airborne Sensor Operator (ASO) profession is taking off, but is it flying blind?
A standardized certification program could provide the clarity and structure to guide this growing field toward global recognition and excellence. The following article highlights a framework for developing and implementing an International Civil ASO Certification Program to support the global community of ASO’s and the industries they serve.

As discussed in Part I, the ASO profession continues to experience significant global growth, driven by technological advancements and the increasing demand for specialized aerial data collection across diverse industries. With this expansion, the need for a standardized certification program has become increasingly evident. Such a program would establish clear benchmarks for professionalism, safety, and operational excellence and foster a unified, internationally recognized standard that elevates the ASO profession as a whole.

However, creating a comprehensive certification program is no small feat. It requires careful planning, collaboration among industry stakeholders, and a deep understanding of the diverse operational environments in which ASOs work. What would such a program look like, and how could it be effectively structured and managed to meet the unique demands of this growing profession?

This article outlines a proposed framework for developing and implementing an International Civil ASO Certification Program to support the global community of ASOs and the industries they serve.

Governance and Oversight

A certification program of this magnitude requires a strong governing body to oversee its development, implementation, and maintenance.

• Certifying Authority - A professional organization, such as ASOG International Aircrew Association, would serve as the primary certifying body. This organization would develop certification standards, approve training providers, and issue certifications.
• Advisory Board - A diverse group of industry stakeholders—including ASOs, aviation safety experts, government agencies, and technology providers—would advise on standards, trends, and updates.
• Global Representation - Regional chapters or representatives would ensure the program remains globally relevant and accessible, tailoring aspects to regional regulations and operational practices.

Certification Tiers

The program could feature a tiered certification structure to accommodate the diversity of ASO roles and experience levels.

• Level 1 - Basic Certification (For entry-level ASOs, focusing on foundational skills, knowledge of aviation safety, and basic sensor operations.)
• Level 2 - Advanced Certification (For experienced ASOs, emphasizing advanced sensor technology, mission planning, and operational leadership (Instructor ASO, Evaluator ASO).
• Level 3: Specialist Certification (For ASOs specializing in niche fields (e.g., SAR, environmental monitoring, powerline inspection). This level would include specialized training and assessments.)

Training and Education

Candidates would complete theoretical and practical training through accredited programs to achieve certification.

• Standardized Curriculum - Core topics include airmanship, aviation safety, sensor technology, operational procedures, regulatory compliance, and data management.
• Approved Training Providers - Only institutions and organizations meeting the certifying body’s standards would be authorized to deliver training.
• Flexible Delivery Options - Training could be offered in various formats—online, in-person, or hybrid—to accommodate global participants.

Competency Assessment

Certification would require candidates to demonstrate their knowledge, skills, and abilities through a rigorous assessment process.

• Written Examination - A standardized test covering theoretical knowledge.
• Practical Evaluation - Hands-on testing in simulated or real-world scenarios to assess operational proficiency.
• Experience Verification - Candidates must provide proof of relevant flight hours and mission types.

Certification Maintenance

Certification would ensure ASOs stay current with industry developments and maintain their skills.

• Renewal Cycle - Certifications would be valid for a defined period (e.g., three years) and require periodic renewal.
• Continuing Education - Certified ASOs must complete ongoing professional development, such as courses, seminars, or field exercises.
• Performance Audits - Random checks or regular performance evaluations could ensure certified ASOs maintain standards.

Cost Structure and Accessibility

The program would be designed to balance affordability with sustainability to support global participation.

• Program Fees - A tiered fee structure would make certification accessible to individuals and organizations of varying resources.
• Scholarships and Grants - Partnerships with industry and government could provide financial support for underserved regions or individuals.
• Digital Access - Online tools and resources would reduce barriers for remote or underfunded regions.

Accreditation and Recognition

The certification program must gain widespread recognition to deliver real value.

• International Accreditation - The program should align with globally recognized aviation standards (e.g., ICAO, ISO).
• Industry Partnerships - Collaboration with employers, training institutions, and government bodies would increase program credibility and adoption.
• Public Registry - A searchable database of certified ASOs would enable employers to verify credentials easily.

Benefits to Stakeholders

The program would deliver clear advantages to all stakeholders:

• ASOs - Improved career prospects, earning potential, and greater professional recognition.
• Employers - Access to a pool of qualified professionals, enhanced operational safety, and a more substantial organizational reputation.
• Regulators - Ensure that non-rated aircrew meets safety and operational standards.
• Clients - Confidence in the quality of airborne services provided.

Conclusion

An international civil ASO certification program has the potential to professionalize the ASO role, promote global consistency, and enhance safety and operational outcomes. By establishing a comprehensive framework focused on training, competency, and continuous improvement, such a certification could become the gold standard for ASOs worldwide.

Achieving this vision will require collaboration among industries, governments, and professional organizations. However, the rewards—improved safety, career advancement, and operational excellence—make this initiative worthwhile.

It’s time to take the next step in advancing the ASO profession. If you’re interested in supporting ASOG in creating an international civil ASO certification program or participating in such a program, we encourage you to contact us at info@aso-group.org. Together, we can shape the future of the ASO community.

ASOG Focus Area | Career Management

Source | ASOG Career Center

As aircrew, we rely on our instrument panels to give us real-time data about our aircraft’s performance. Attitude, altitude, airspeed, fuel levels—these indicators ensure we stay on course, make corrections when necessary, and avoid disaster.

But what if we had a personal instrument panel for life? A dashboard providing feedback on our mental, physical, social, and financial well-being—helping us recognize when we’re flying smoothly and when we need to adjust course and stay safe.

Let’s take a look at the essential instruments every aircrew member should monitor.

Your Primary Life “Six-Pack” Instrument Panel

1. Mental Attitude Indicator (Like an Attitude Indicator)

• What It Measures: Stress levels, focus, motivation, and overall mindset.
• Why It Matters: Just as a nose-high attitude can lead to a stall, an overly negative or stressed-out mindset can cause burnout. Conversely, excessive optimism without awareness can lead to poor decision-making.
• Correction: Recognize mental fatigue early, adjust workload, and apply positive mindset techniques to level out.

2. Physical Performance Gauge (Like an Engine Monitor)

• What It Measures: Energy levels, sleep quality, fitness, and overall health.
• Why It Matters: Just like monitoring engine performance, tracking our physical well-being ensures we have the endurance and strength to perform at our best.
• Correction: Maintain proper “fueling” (nutrition, hydration), prevent “overheating” (excessive workload), and ensure regular “maintenance” (exercise, rest).

3. Social Connection Meter (Like a Communication Panel)

• What It Measures: The strength of relationships with colleagues, family, and friends.
• Why It Matters: Just as a comms failure in the cockpit can lead to confusion and miscoordination, isolation or poor communication in life can result in strained relationships.
• Correction: Ensure you’re transmitting and receiving—listen, engage, and foster meaningful connections.

4. Financial Stability Indicator (Like a Fuel Gauge)

• What It Measures: Income stability, savings, debt levels, and financial planning.
• Why It Matters: Running low on fuel in the air is a critical emergency—so is running out of financial resources when unexpected challenges arise.
• Correction: Keep an eye on financial reserves, plan for contingencies, and avoid unnecessary expenditures that could put you into a financial spiral.

5. Life Balance Coordinator (Like an AutoPilot Mode or Load Factor Gauge)

• What It Measures: The harmony between mental, physical, social, and financial areas.
• Why It Matters: Too much focus on one area can create an imbalance—pushing G-limits on one aspect of life while neglecting others can lead to instability.
• Correction: Regularly check if you’re spreading your efforts evenly or must rebalance your priorities.

6. Purpose & Fulfillment Gauge (Like a Heading Indicator)

• What It Measures: Alignment with personal values, career satisfaction, and life goals.
• Why It Matters: Like a heading indicator keeps you on course, a clear sense of purpose prevents drifting into unfulfillment or stagnation.
• Correction: Regularly check your “flight plan.” If you feel off course, set new goals, seek mentorship, or explore opportunities that reignite passion.

Additional Optional Instruments for Fine-Tuning

For those wanting deeper self-awareness, consider adding:

• Emotional Stability Indicator (Like a Vertical Speed Indicator): Monitoring your resilience and emotional responses to challenges.
• Learning & Adaptability Sensor (Like a Flight Director): Ensuring you continue growing and adjusting to life’s changes.
• Well-Being Meter (Like a Standby Compass): Keeping connected to your inner compass, mindfulness, or personal beliefs.

Final Approach - Managing Your Flight Plan

As aircrew, we trust our instruments to keep us safe in the air. Why not apply the same discipline to our personal lives? By regularly checking our “life panel,” we can make better decisions, maintain balance, and always fly in the right direction.

Check your gauges—what do they say? Time to adjust?

ASOG Focus Area | Career Management

Source | ASOG Career Center

In this two-part article, we will delve into the rationale behind establishing an Airborne Sensor Operator (ASO) certification program. In Part II, we will outline the potential structure of this program and the requirements necessary to achieve specialized levels of proficiency.

The Airborne Sensor Operator (ASO) profession is rapidly expanding, driven by technological advances and the growing demand for aerial data across various industries. From search-and-rescue (SAR) missions and environmental monitoring to infrastructure inspections and defense operations, ASOs play a pivotal role in modern aviation. Yet despite their critical contributions, the profession lacks a globally recognized training, certification, and professionalism standard.

The absence of such a standard is more than an administrative gap—it’s a missed opportunity to enhance safety, elevate operational excellence, and bolster the professional credibility of ASOs. Here’s why the time is right for an international civil ASO certification program.

A Profession in Need of Standardization

The ASO profession is incredibly diverse, encompassing operators who work with different platforms, sensor systems, and mission types. While this diversity showcases the versatility of the field, it also presents challenges:

• Inconsistent Training - Current training standards vary widely between countries, organizations, and industries. This inconsistency leaves some ASOs ill-prepared for the demands of their roles.
• Lack of Benchmarked Competence - Verifying an ASO’s qualifications or comparing operator skill levels is problematic without a certification process.
• Variable Safety Standards - The lack of formalized training and assessment can contribute to safety risks, especially in high-stakes missions or complex operating environments.

A globally recognized certification program would establish a unified standard, ensuring that all ASOs meet baseline competencies regardless of where they work.

Enhancing Safety and Operational Excellence

Aviation safety is paramount, and the role of the ASO is integral to maintaining it. Certified ASOs would be better equipped to:

• Understand and Mitigate Risks - Comprehensive training would include aviation safety principles, human factors, and emergency procedures.
• Standardize Best Practices - Certification would promote consistent methodologies for mission planning, sensor operation, and data collection.
• Adapt to Emerging Technologies - As sensor systems become more advanced, certified ASOs will stay ahead of the curve through continuing education.

Boosting Professional Recognition

The ASO profession has long struggled with a lack of formal recognition, often seen as a technical support role rather than a critical component of aviation operations. A certification program would change that by:

• Establishing a Credential - Certification would signify that an ASO has achieved a defined level of expertise, akin to pilots and air traffic controllers.
• Creating Career Pathways - Certification tiers would enable ASOs to advance their careers from entry-level to specialist roles.
• Raising Industry Standards - With a recognized credential, employers would have a hiring and professional development benchmark.

Meeting Global Demand

The demand for ASOs is growing in both traditional and emerging sectors:

• Public Safety - Firefighting, SAR, and law enforcement agencies rely on ASOs for critical missions.
• Commercial Applications - Agriculture, construction, and energy industries increasingly leverage aerial data, requiring skilled ASOs to operate drones and manned aircraft.
• Environmental Monitoring - Climate change and conservation efforts are driving demand for operators skilled in remote sensing and geospatial data collection.

An international certification program would ensure a steady pipeline of qualified ASOs to meet these needs while facilitating global mobility for certified professionals.

Strengthening Industry Credibility

A certification program doesn’t just benefit individual operators—it also enhances the credibility of the entire industry. Certified ASOs would signal to clients, regulators, and the public that their work meets rigorous standards of professionalism. For organizations, employing certified ASOs would:

• Improve client confidence in the quality of operations.
• Demonstrate a commitment to safety and excellence.
• Provide a competitive edge in a crowded marketplace.

A Collaborative Path Forward

Developing an international civil ASO certification program will require cooperation from key stakeholders:

• Professional Associations - Groups like ASOG could spearhead the effort, leveraging their expertise and global networks.
• Industry Leaders - Companies employing ASOs should support the initiative through funding, advocacy, and participation in standard-setting.
• Regulatory Bodies - Agencies like ICAO could provide guidance to align the certification with global aviation safety standards.
• Training Providers - Schools and organizations must adopt the standardized curriculum and assessment protocols.

Conclusion

The time has come to professionalize the ASO role with an internationally recognized civil certification program. As mentioned before, such a program would enhance safety, improve operational outcomes, and elevate the standing of ASOs in the aviation industry.

By investing in this initiative, we can meet the demands of today’s rapidly evolving aerospace sector and lay the groundwork for a safer, more professional, and globally integrated future for ASOs.

So, how do we make this happen? Part II of this article will focus on what an International Civil ASO Certification Program might look like to bring more rigor to an ever-growing technical profession.

ASOG Article of the Month | January 2025

Source | Patrick Ryan

Innovation is crucial in search and rescue, where time saves lives. CENTUM Research & Technology, led by CEO and ASOG member Héctor Estévez, has revolutionized the field with LIFESEEKER, a cell phone detection system that locates missing individuals with unmatched precision. Estévez shares the journey behind this technology and its impact on rescue operations, offering key insights for Airborne Sensor Operators.

Innovation has become necessary in modern search and rescue, where time is the most critical factor in saving lives. Few companies embody this spirit of innovation, such as CENTUM Research & Technology. At the forefront of their groundbreaking advancements is the LIFESEEKER system, a pioneering technology that uses cell phone detection to locate missing individuals with unparalleled precision.

Under the leadership of CEO Héctor Estévez, CENTUM has grown into a global leader in life-saving technology, redefining how rescue operations are conducted in some of the world's most challenging environments. With a background in technology and a vision for improving emergency response capabilities, Estévez has driven the company to create tools that empower responders and save countless lives.

In this exclusive interview, Estévez shares the journey behind LIFESEEKER, the challenges of bringing such transformative technology to life, and his vision for the future of search and rescue. From the cutting-edge innovations that power LIFESEEKER to the collaborative strategies shaping CENTUM's global impact, this conversation offers a deep dive into the intersection of technology and humanity.

Additionally, this interview article offers Airborne Sensor Operators valuable insights into the cutting-edge technology behind the LIFESEEKER system, a cell phone detection tool revolutionizing search and rescue operations. By exploring how this technology works and its applications in challenging environments, operators can better understand its potential to complement their existing tools and improve mission success rates.

About LIFESEEKER System

Can you explain how the LIFESEEKER system detects cell phones in search and rescue operations?

Lifeseeker works by turning a missing person’s mobile phone into a beacon, even if there’s no network coverage. The system uses advanced signal processing and triangulation techniques to locate the phone with high accuracy. Depending on the platform, the range can vary, from a few kilometers to up to more than 50 kilometers with our SAR XL system. This adaptability allows Lifeseeker to meet the needs of different missions, helping teams locate people faster, even in remote areas or challenging conditions.

This flexibility is especially vital in airborne operations, as it allows SAR teams to tailor their search capabilities whether operating from manned aircraft, drones, or specialized platforms.

Furthermore, Lifeseeker integrates with all main Mission Management Systems (MMS), allowing real-time data sharing for mission coordination. This seamless integration optimizes situational awareness and operational performance without depending solely on external data streams.

Additionally, Lifeseeker has STCs with the main platforms on the market, such as Airbus H125, H135, H145, Super Puma, Bell 429, Sikorsky S29, and leading drone manufacturers like DJI M300, M350, SkyRanger R70, Tekever R5, Soleon, and Commaris.

Lifeseeker empowers SAR teams with advanced technology to focus their search efforts effectively, improving response times and operational success in the most demanding environments.

Impact & Innovation

What has been the most significant impact of LIFESEEKER in search and rescue operations so far?

The most significant impact has been the successful missions our customers have achieved worldwide. Every time we read about a rescue in the news or hear from an end user about how Lifeseeker contributed to saving someone’s life, it’s incredibly rewarding. It reminds us that the work we do has a tangible, life-changing result, and there’s no greater motivation than that.

Business Strategy & Vision

How does CENTUM's approach to innovation differentiate you from competitors in the aerospace and defense sector?

Our innovation approach begins with active collaboration and feedback from end users worldwide. We listen closely to the operational challenges faced by SAR and airborne sensor teams and adapt our solutions to meet their real-world demands. Our users consistently highlight performance, adaptability, and reliability as key strengths of our technology, and these pillars are what set us apart from competitors.

This is possible because of our incredible team, who are always pushing the boundaries, finding new ways to improve, and ensuring our systems meet the highest standards. Our commitment to innovation is all about delivering products that rescue teams can trust when every second counts.

Industry Insights

What are the biggest trends or challenges in the search and rescue industry right now, and how is CENTUM addressing them?

The rapid development of 5G is a major trend, as it enables faster and more reliable communication, which is critical in rescue missions. Another key trend is the growing demand for systems that can seamlessly integrate with a variety of platforms, whether that’s different drone manufacturers or manned aircraft.

At CENTUM, we’ve prioritized making Lifeseeker highly adaptable and easy to integrate into diverse platforms, from drones to helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft. Performance is another critical area, rescue teams need tools they can rely on in the most challenging conditions. That’s why we’re constantly working to enhance the accuracy, range, and reliability of Lifeseeker, ensuring it delivers results where it matters most.

Personal Leadership & Company Culture

As the CEO, what are the key qualities you value in your leadership team to drive innovation and excellence at CENTUM?

For me, it’s all about having a team that’s not afraid to express themselves and think differently and take risks. Innovation only happens when you’re willing to push boundaries, but it also requires focus and listening to the people who use our products every day. I value creativity, collaboration, and a genuine passion for helping people. At CENTUM, we all share a common goal: making a real difference in people’s lives, and that’s what keeps us motivated.

As You Can See

LIFESEEKER represents a game-changing advancement for Airborne Sensor Operators, offering a powerful tool to enhance mission effectiveness and save lives in critical situations. Héctor Estévez’s insights and dedication to innovation provide valuable inspiration for the ASOG community. We sincerely thank Héctor for sharing his journey and for CENTUM's support of ASOG’s mission to empower aircrew professionals worldwide.

ASOG Focus Area | Training & Education

Source | ASOG Training Center

The lack of civil universal training for Airborne Sensor Operators (ASO) and other non-rated aircrews is not merely an individual challenge but a systemic issue with far-reaching consequences for safety, efficiency, and organizational credibility. The following article highlights how this issue unfolds daily across the globe.

Imagine stepping onto an aircraft, not as a passenger but as a member of the aircrew tasked with operating advanced sensor systems. For a seasoned ASO, this role combines technical expertise, operational precision, and a profound understanding of aviation dynamics. However, for someone with no prior training in airmanship, crew resource management (CRM), aerospace human factors, or sensor systems, the experience could quickly shift from exhilarating to overwhelming.

The Fictional Story of Alex Carter

Alex Carter was fresh out of college with a degree in geography and a passion for technology when she landed her first job as an airborne sensor operator for an aerial surveying company. Eager to impress her new employer, Alex didn’t give much thought to her lack of aviation training. Under tight deadlines, her employer provided only a cursory briefing about the equipment she would use and the basics of working aboard the aircraft.

The First Flight

Alex boarded the survey plane on her first mission, a small twin-engine aircraft filled with excitement and a touch of nervous energy. The briefing was rushed—her pilot and the experienced ASO who was supposed to mentor her were focused on meeting the day’s objectives.

As the aircraft climbed to altitude, Alex struggled to keep up. She fumbled with her headset, unsure how to adjust the volume to clearly hear the pilot’s instructions. The roar of the engines and the occasional turbulence left her disoriented.

When the team reached the survey area, Alex was tasked with operating a high-resolution LiDAR system. Although she had seen the equipment during her brief training, she had never operated it in real-time. Under pressure, she misconfigured the settings, causing the system to capture incomplete data.

The Domino Effect

The uncollected data didn’t just waste time—it jeopardized the mission’s success. Frustration began to mount among the crew. The pilot had to divert focus from flying to guide Alex through troubleshooting. Meanwhile, the seasoned ASO had to step in to salvage the operation, forcing him to abandon his primary tasks.

The tension spilled into crew communications. Alex’s lack of familiarity with aviation protocols and terminology led to misunderstandings and missteps. At one point, she misheard an instruction, inadvertently shutting down a system mid-flight. This error delayed the mission further and heightened the crew’s stress.

The Aftermath

Back on the ground, the consequences of the flight became clear. The incomplete data required a costly reshoot, straining the company’s budget and timeline. Alex’s mistakes, though understandable given her lack of training, cast a shadow on her credibility with her teammates. The pilot and other ASOs expressed concerns about her readiness, and the company’s client questioned their professionalism.

Alex was overwhelmed with guilt and frustration. She realized she had been set up to fail, not only by her lack of preparation but also by an organization that underestimated the importance of comprehensive ASO training.

The Lessons Learned

Alex’s story is fictional but represents a real scenario that underscores the critical need for proper training in airborne sensor operations.

1. For Individuals: Aspiring ASOs must understand that technical aptitude alone is insufficient. Training in airmanship, CRM, aerospace human factors, and sensor systems is essential to thrive in the demanding aviation environment.
2. For Organizations: Employers must invest in rigorous training programs and mentorship opportunities for new hires. While meeting deadlines is essential, cutting corners on training can lead to greater setbacks.
3. For Teams: Communication, collaboration, and a supportive environment are crucial for integrating less experienced crew members without compromising safety or mission success.

The Path to Proficiency

For Alex, the flight was a turning point. With proper mentorship and formal training, she eventually grew into a competent and confident ASO. However, her story is a cautionary tale about the perils of unpreparedness in aviation.

Conclusion

Flying as an ASO is a demanding yet rewarding role that requires meticulous preparation and training. For an untrained individual, the experience might initially seem exciting but would quickly reveal the complexities and challenges of the job. Proper education and practice are not just prerequisites for success—they are the foundations of safety and professionalism in the air.

ASOG Focus Area | Industry Support

Source | ASOG Desk Editor

It’s a pleasure to welcome another visionary company to our ASOG Corporate Supporter family, working to advance aerial work aviation and its applications. We are thrilled to announce that Telops is now an ASOG Corporate Supporter!

For those unfamiliar, Telops is a leader in cutting-edge thermal infrared imaging and hyperspectral systems. Their advanced technology is designed to support critical applications, including environmental monitoring, defense, and industrial operations. By providing unparalleled thermal imagery and data, Telops empowers operators with the tools needed for accurate analysis and decision-making, ensuring safety and efficiency in various missions.

To learn more about Telops and their groundbreaking innovations, visit the ASOG Corporate Supporter page (click their logo to explore their website). We’re excited about the opportunities this partnership will bring to the ASOG community, profession and the broader field of airborne operations.

As 2024 comes to a close, we at the Airborne Sensor Operators Group (ASOG) International Aircrew Association want to take a moment to reflect on an incredible year filled with milestones, growth, and achievements. Here's a look back at some of the highlights that made this year unforgettable for our members and supporters.

ASOG 2024 End-of-Year e-Newsletter Sponsor

Thank you to this special e-newsletter sponsor for promoting our mission and community.

SPECIAL EVENTS & GATHERINGS

Conferences - This year, the ASOG community participated in three outstanding conferences, i.e., SWIFT Europe, Aerial Firefighting Series North America, and the Police Aviation Conference Europe (PAvCON). These events featured presentations from leaders in airborne operations and technology, and they were a hub of networking and innovation.

Most notable was PAvCON Europe 2024. This year's conference, held from May 27-29 at Airborne Technologies in Wiener Neustadt, Austria, successfully brought together leading experts and professionals from the police aviation sector, including many ASOG members. The conference, known for fostering advancements in airborne public order & safety support, featured various technical presentations, hands-on demonstrations, and invaluable networking opportunities.

Regional Meet-ups - Across Europe, our regional meetups fostered community and collaboration. The standout events were the AERO Friedrichshafen, EUROPEAN ROTORS, and Wiener Neustadt Meet-Ups, which focused on cross-border networking in all things aerial remote-sensing. A big thank you to our sponsors, FlySight s.r.l., Airborne Technologies GmbH, and Kabelik GmbH, for supporting these professional networking events.

Workshops and Training - This year, we hosted over 3 workshops or training courses, including the ever-popular "Basic Airborne Mission Management & Sensor" course. In addition, we debuted a one-of-a-kind course related to "Aerial Surveying & Mapping." These events undoubtedly equipped attendees with the tools to excel in their missions.

SPOTLIGHT ON PEOPLE

Member Achievements - Congratulations to ASOG Corporate Support Smith Myers Communications. The team at Smith Myers received the prestigious King's Award for Enterprise Innovation 2024 (U.K.) for their work in developing a suite of Search and Rescue (SAR) systems that have been saving lives worldwide. Their dedication continues to inspire our community.

Volunteer Excellence - A special thank-you to the following dedicated volunteers. This year, they all spearheaded or supported our networking and training initiatives, connecting seasoned operators, sharing critical knowledge, and promoting the ASO profession around the globe:

• Benjamin Kabelik
• Tanja Wimmer-Ryan
• Marina Ghidotti
• Michal Sanocki
• Astrid Ayling
• George DeCock

Rising Stars: We're excited to highlight Andrea Masini, one of our new ASOG Authors, who has already made a name for himself in just a few months by posting several very informative articles related to the ASO community.

WELCOME NEW CORPORATE SUPPORTERS

This year, we welcomed several new ASOG Corporate Sponsors who share our passion for the ASO profession and advancing airborne sensor operations:

• Helihub.com & Parapex Media
• Schweizer Helicopter
• First Aerospace Law
• INFOGEO
• Airbotics Talent

Their support helps us expand our association's mission and reach more professionals worldwide.

MEMORABLE ARTICLES & MEDIA

Top Articles

• "Wing Tips – My Hypoxic Event" by Darren Daigle shared a compelling aircrew experience, providing invaluable lessons to help prevent other ASOs from facing potentially dangerous in-flight events.
• "Overcoming the Human Aviation Challenges in Mission-Critical Operations" by Andrea Masini explored the physical, technical, and physiological challenges helicopter operators face in their roles.
• "Chair Flying: A Powerful Tool for Airborne Sensor Operators and Non-Rated Aircrew" by Patrick Ryan shared his thoughts on the mental rehearsal technique that has proven invaluable, whether for sharpening skills, mastering emergency procedures, or simply staying prepared for any mission.

Demographic Highlights: As many know, ASOG represents a growing population of professional aviators of all ages, backgrounds, interests, and experiences worldwide. As a professional career association, many members are active manned and unmanned aircraft operators. Additionally, we have professionals who are part of the ecosystem of industries and organizations that support or rely on the Airborne Sensor Operator (ASO) profession. Here's our current stats as of the end of 2024 and going into 2025:

Association Membership

• 667 Members (Operators, Subject Matter Experts, Industry Reps, etc.)
• Growing by 4 New Members per Month

Social Media – Followers & Connections

• LinkedIn Profile - 5,000+ 1st Level Connections, 700,000+ 2nd Level Connections
• LinkedIn Private Group - 1,310 Members
• LinkedIn Organization Page - 643 Followers (Since 2022)
• Growing by 10 New Followers & Connections per Month

Membership and Social Media Geo Foot-Print

LOOKING AHEAD TO 2025

The coming year promises to be even more exciting:

• New initiatives include launching online (Webinar & Podcast) programs for the ASOG community and aircrew, i.e., training events, new technology reviews, and interviews.
• Add an online shop for members to purchase branded products, publications, and other aircrew-related kits.
• Expanded partnerships with industry leaders to bring more resources to our members.
• Continue to organize or support regional live professional networking events.

THANK YOU FOR A GREAT YEAR

None of this would be possible without the dedication of our members, volunteers, and supporters. Thank you for being part of the ASOG family. We look forward to soaring to new heights with you in 2025.

Wishing you a happy and safe New Year!

Sincerely,

Team ASOG

ASOG Focus Area | Training & Education

Source | ASOG Training Center

In the world of airborne operations, where split-second decisions can determine mission success, quick thinking and precise calculations are essential. Among the flight crew, Airborne Sensor Operators (ASOs) hold a critical role in keeping the mission on track—like the aircrew's Swiss Army knife, ready for anything. They interpret complex sensor data, adapt to rapidly changing mission dynamics, and maintain seamless communication with the rest of the crew.

Now, if the thought of "math" sends you spiraling back to that algebra class you barely survived (or perhaps you still have nightmares about fractions), fear not! You don't need to be a calculus wizard to succeed. Mental math for ASOs isn't about solving equations with a dozen variables; it's about using practical, quick calculations to make effective decisions on the fly. In fact, it's more "street math" than "mathlete math."

In such a demanding environment, reliance on electronic tools alone won't cut it—systems can fail, and time doesn't wait for batteries to recharge. Mental math becomes a cornerstone skill, empowering ASOs to calculate on the go and ensuring mission success, safety, and adaptability when things are unplanned.

From navigation to sensor management, the ability to perform quick mental computations keeps everything running smoothly. This article explores some essential mental math applications for ASOs, offering practical examples and even a few tips to help you become the numbers guru you never thought you'd need to be. (Spoiler alert: It's actually pretty fun when you get the hang of it.)

Common Mental Math Applications for ASOs

Time-on-Target (TOT) Adjustments - Knowing when you'll arrive at a target or a specific point is crucial for mission timing and coordination.

     Example: If the aircraft is 15 nautical miles (NM) from the target and traveling at 150 knots:

• Speed per minute = 150 ÷ 60 = 2.5 NM/min
• Time to target = 15 ÷ 2.5 = 6 minutes

Field of View (FOV) Coverage - Quickly calculating how long it will take to scan a specific area can help plan efficient sensor use.

     Example: You're scanning a 20 NM stretch of coastline at 5 NM/min with a sensor Field of View (FOV) of 2 NM per sweep:

• Number of sweeps = 20 ÷ 2 = 10     
• Time = 10 ÷ 5 = 2 minutes  

Slant Range Estimation - Estimating the slant range from your aircraft to a point on the ground ensures proper sensor positioning.

     Example: The aircraft is at 10,000 feet (approximately 2 NM altitude), and the sensor is pointing at a 45° angle:

• Slant range  ≈  2 × 1.4 =2.8 NM

Resolution and Pixel Size - Understanding sensor resolution helps evaluate the quality of the imagery at different altitudes.

     Example: Sensor pixel size is 1 meter, and aircraft altitude is 10,000 feet:

• Ground resolution  ≈  1 × 10,000 ÷ 3,280 ≈ 3.05 meters

Heading Offset for Drift - To maintain the correct ground track in crosswinds, you need to calculate drift and adjust your heading.

     Example: The wind is 20 knots from the right, and groundspeed is 100 knots:

• Drift angle  ≈  20 ÷ 100 = 0.2 radians  
• Adjust heading into the wind by 11.5° to stay on track.

Coverage Rate - Calculating the area covered during a mapping mission ensures efficient resource utilization.

     Example: The aircraft is flying at 120 knots, and the sensor FOV is 1 NM wide:

• 120 NM/hour × 1NM = 120NM (total area in square NM)/hour

     Or

     For planning purposes. How long will it take to scan a region 600 square NM at 120 Knots:

• Time = 600 ÷120 ​= 5 hours

Why Mental Math Matters for ASOs

• Enhances Operational Efficiency - Enables real-time decisions, avoiding delays caused by over-reliance on electronic aids.
• Improves Situational Awareness - Keeps ASOs engaged with mission dynamics.
• Reduces Dependency on Tools - Provides a reliable backup when digital systems fail.
• Strengthens Communication - Accurate and timely data improves coordination with the flight crew.
• Facilitates Adaptation - Helps adjust to unexpected mission changes with confidence.

Practicing Mental Math for ASOs

To master these calculations, incorporate real-world scenarios during chair flying or team training sessions. Create drills based on typical mission profiles, emphasizing the math required to meet objectives. Mental math becomes second nature with practice, preparing you for the most demanding missions.

By honing these skills, ASOs can maximize their effectiveness, ensuring mission success even in the most challenging situations. Mental math isn't just a tool—it's an indispensable asset in the ASO toolkit.

Next month, we'll highlight Mental Math for all aircrew members, i.e., basic airmanship math that helps keep everyone effective and safe.

ASOG Focus Area | Aviation Safety

Source | ASOG Safety Center

Spatial disorientation and motion sickness are two of the most common challenges for non-rated aircrew members, including Airborne Sensor Operators (ASOs). Unlike pilots trained to rely on instruments and maintain spatial awareness, ASOs and other non-rated crew members often lack formal training in these areas. This can lead to dangerous situations and mission inefficiencies if not addressed proactively. This article explores the causes, recognition, and mitigation strategies for these challenges, ensuring safety and mission effectiveness.

Understanding Spatial Disorientation

Spatial disorientation occurs when a person's sense of direction and position in space becomes unreliable, often due to conflicting signals between the inner ear, eyes, and body. In the airborne environment, this can be triggered by:

• Limited visual references are available in cloudy, nighttime, or overwater operations.
• Aircraft maneuvers, such as turns or climbs, create misleading sensations in the vestibular system.
• Restricted visibility inside the aircraft cabin is typical for ASOs working at sensor stations without external windows.

For non-rated aircrew, these factors can cause confusion, dizziness, or an inability to orient themselves, potentially impacting their ability to perform critical tasks.

Recognizing Spatial Disorientation

Awareness is the first step in combating spatial disorientation. Common signs include:

• A feeling of "leaning" or tilting, even when the aircraft is level.
• Difficulty maintaining focus on tasks due to disorientation.
• An urge to rely on sensations rather than instruments or external references.
• Dizziness, nausea, or vertigo during or after maneuvers.
• Tips for Mitigating Spatial Disorientation
• Trust Instruments Over Sensations

Non-rated aircrew should familiarize themselves with basic flight instruments, such as the artificial horizon and attitude indicator, to cross-check their orientation when possible.

Tips for Mitigating Spatial Disorientation

• Trust Instruments Over Sensations - Non-rated aircrew should familiarize themselves with basic flight instruments, such as the artificial horizon and attitude indicator, to cross-check their orientation when possible.
• Maintain Situational Awareness - Stay informed about the aircraft's maneuvers by communicating with the flight crew. Knowing when to expect turns, climbs, or descents can help reduce surprises that might lead to disorientation.
• Use Visual Cues - When possible, reference external landmarks or the aircraft's attitude through a window. If this is not an option, request updates from the flight deck about the aircraft's orientation.
• Stay Physically Anchored - Keep your body aligned with the aircraft's axis of movement, especially during turns. This reduces the conflicting sensations that can lead to disorientation.
• Practice Orientation Techniques - Consider training in simulators or during non-critical missions to practice recognizing and recovering from spatial disorientation.

Understanding Motion Sickness

Motion sickness occurs when the brain receives conflicting sensory signals. For ASOs, this often arises when the visual focus on a stationary sensor screen conflicts with the body's sense of movement.

Recognizing Motion Sickness

Symptoms of motion sickness include:

• Nausea or vomiting.
• Dizziness or a feeling of imbalance.
• Sweating and headaches.
• Fatigue or lethargy.

Tips for Managing Motion Sickness

• Choose the Right Position - Sit in a location with minimal movement, such as near the aircraft's center of gravity.
• Stabilize Your Visual Focus - Periodically look out at the horizon or a fixed point if available. This aligns with visual and vestibular inputs.
• Control Your Breathing - Deep, controlled breaths can help alleviate nausea and reduce anxiety that exacerbates motion sickness.
• Stay Hydrated and Avoid Heavy Meals - Dehydration and overfull stomachs can worsen symptoms. Stick to light snacks and water before and during the flight.

Use Preventative Measures

Consider anti-motion sickness medications or wearable devices, such as acupressure wristbands. Always consult a flight doctor before using any medication.

Why It Matters

Spatial disorientation and motion sickness can degrade performance, jeopardize safety, and reduce mission success rates. For ASOs and non-rated aircrew, understanding and managing these challenges ensures operational efficiency and safety for the entire crew.

By being proactive, practicing mitigation strategies, and maintaining open communication with the flight crew, ASOs can stay sharp and effective even in demanding airborne environments.

Remember!

Awareness is your first defense—know the risks, recognize the symptoms, and take steps to stay in control.

ASOG Focus Area | Career Management

Source | ASOG Career Center

The term "Crew Dog" resonates deeply within the aviation community, capturing the essence of what it means to be a dedicated member of an aircrew. It embodies a spirit of hard work, unyielding loyalty, and a camaraderie forged through shared experiences in the skies and on the ground. This term reflects the core values that define aircrew professionals: a relentless commitment to mission success, an unwavering sense of duty, and a bond that transcends individual roles and responsibilities.

Historically, the label "Crew Dog" was most commonly associated with traditional aircrew positions such as pilots, navigators, and flight engineers—those who managed the aircraft's systems and ensured the mission's execution from the flight deck. These roles demanded technical expertise and the mental and physical endurance to thrive in challenging and unpredictable environments.

As aviation technology and operational demands have evolved, so too has the scope of the "Crew Dog" identity. Today, it extends beyond the classic roles to include a diverse array of specialized aircrew professions. Among these, the Airborne Sensor Operator (ASO) stands out as a prime example of how the "Crew Dog" spirit has adapted to meet the needs of modern aviation. These skilled professionals bring the same dedication, resilience, and teamwork to their role, operating cutting-edge sensor technology to ensure mission success across various applications.

The story of the ASO is, in many ways, a continuation of the "Crew Dog" legacy—a modern interpretation of what it means to serve as an integral member of the aircrew. As the aviation world advances, the "Crew Dog" remains a timeless symbol of the teamwork and grit that defines those who take to the skies.

What is a Crew Dog?

Essentially, a "Crew Dog" is more than just a label. It symbolizes the hardworking, mission-focused ethos of those who operate in demanding environments. Whether pulling long shifts on the flight line, post-flight data processing, running critical checklists, or adapting to the dynamic challenges of airborne missions, "Crew Dogs" exemplify resilience and dedication.

For ASOs, this term takes on a unique significance. Operating advanced sensor systems while coordinating with pilots and ground teams, ASOs embody the same relentless commitment and teamwork expected of any seasoned "Crew Dog."

ASOs: The Modern Crew Dogs

Airborne Sensor Operators have become indispensable in various aviation missions, from aerial surveying and pipeline monitoring to SAR operations. Their role requires:

• Technical Proficiency - Operating cutting-edge technology like EO/IR cameras, radar, and other sophisticated sensors.
• Tactical Awareness - Making split-second decisions to interpret data, guide pilots, and relay critical information to mission teams.
• Adaptability - Functioning seamlessly in various operational environments—day or night, calm or combat.

Like traditional "Crew Dogs," ASOs are often unsung heroes, working tirelessly behind the scenes to ensure mission success.

The Crew Dog Mentality in ASOs

The "Crew Dog" mentality aligns perfectly with the core values of ASOs. Here's how:

• Mission First - ASOs prioritize the mission above all else, often facing challenging conditions with professionalism and a can-do attitude.
• Teamwork - Whether coordinating with the flight crew or ground teams, ASOs thrive on collaboration—a hallmark of the "Crew Dog" ethos.
• Resilience - Long hours monitoring sensors and managing data in high-stress scenarios demand the same stamina and perseverance that define the "Crew Dog" spirit.

Recognizing ASOs as Crew Dogs

Organizations like the Airborne Sensor Operators Group (ASOG) recognize the critical contributions of ASOs and advocate for their professional development and recognition. As modern aviation continues to evolve, the ASO profession is a testament to the adaptability and innovation of the "Crew Dog" legacy.

The "Crew Dog" term has always represented more than a job—it represents a way of life. For ASOs, it's a badge of honor, linking them to a proud tradition of aircrew excellence. So, the next time you hear "Crew Dog," remember it includes those on the flight deck and those in the sensor operator's chair, scanning the skies, interpreting data, and ensuring the success of every mission.

By embracing the Crew Dog heritage, ASOs solidify their place in the broader story of aviation—dedicated professionals who ensure that the mission gets done, no matter what.

If you missed the chance to attend our ASOG 2024 Fall Training Program, we have great news! The first presentation of the ASOG Airborne Mission Management Systems & Sensors course, delivered last month at the EUROPEAN ROTORS VTOL & Safety Conference in Amsterdam, is now available for viewing.

This insightful lecture, presented by George DeCock, our esteemed ASOG Ambassador, is titled:

"Roles & Responsibilities of the Multi-Mission Aircrew: Today’s Multi-Tasking Airborne Sensor Operator."

George’s presentation provides valuable perspectives and practical knowledge for professionals navigating the complexities of modern airborne mission management. Whether you're looking to refine your expertise or explore new operational strategies, this recording is a must-watch.

ASOG Focus Area | Aviation Safety

Source | ASOG Safety Center

In aviation, situational awareness is paramount for safety. While the pilot is responsible for operating the aircraft, airborne sensor operators and non-rated aircrew members also play a crucial role in maintaining situational awareness, especially in scanning for air traffic.

For ASOs and non-rated aircrew members, understanding the importance of scanning for air traffic, knowing their roles, and mastering the proper techniques are essential to the job. Their contributions not only increase overall situational awareness but also enhance the safety of the flight. In this article, we will delve into the importance of scanning for air traffic, the roles and responsibilities of ASOs and non-rated aircrew members, and offer best practices for effective air traffic scanning.

Importance of Scanning for Air Traffic

Preventing Collisions

The primary reason for scanning for air traffic is to prevent mid-air collisions. Airborne sensor operators (ASOs) and non-rated aircrew members extend the cockpit's eyes and ears. Even with advanced technology like Traffic Collision Avoidance Systems (TCAS) and ADS-B, there is no substitute for vigilant human scanning. Visual detection is often the quickest way to spot small, fast-moving aircraft that might not appear on electronic systems until they're much closer.

Maintaining Separation

Maintaining visual separation is essential in many airspaces, particularly uncontrolled or busy airspace. While pilots are actively flying the aircraft, ASOs and other aircrew can assist by identifying traffic in the vicinity, allowing the pilot to adjust the flight path when necessary.

Supporting Mission Success

For military and surveillance missions, ASOs and other aircrew members may also be tasked with monitoring and identifying potential threats or targets, which makes constant situational awareness not just a safety requirement but a mission-critical task.

Roles and Responsibilities

Airborne Sensor Operators (ASOs)

ASOs are trained to operate sophisticated equipment like radar, cameras, or infrared sensors. However, their responsibilities often extend beyond their sensor suite. They are also tasked with visual scanning to enhance safety. ASOs provide an extra set of eyes in the cockpit, supplementing the pilot's workload by identifying nearby air traffic or other obstacles in the airspace.

Non-Rated Aircrew Members

Non-rated aircrew members, such as flight engineers, loadmasters, or mission specialists, may not have flight controls but are still essential in maintaining overall situational awareness. Depending on their position in the aircraft, these crew members often have a wider field of view. They can offer early detection of other aircraft, especially during high-workload situations for the pilot.

Supporting the Pilot

ASOs and non-rated aircrew are responsible for informing the pilot of potential air traffic. This includes using proper communication protocols, reporting relative positions of the detected aircraft (using a clock position method), and relaying the altitude or movement direction if known. Consistent communication with the pilot ensures timely and effective decision-making.

Best Practices for Scanning Air Traffic

Effective Scanning Technique

The most common method for scanning is the "block scanning" technique. This involves dividing the visual field into smaller segments and focusing on each briefly. Instead of sweeping your eyes continuously, which can result in missing objects, the eyes are rested on a segment for a few seconds before moving to the next. Apply these steps:

• Start from left to right or vice versa, covering about 10-15° sections of the sky at a time.
• Pause for 2-3 seconds on each section before moving to the next.
• Ensure complete coverage of the area, including above and below the horizon.

Focus on Distant Objects

To improve the detection of other aircraft, ensure that your eyes focus on the proper distance. When looking outside, your eyes should be focused far away (not close-up), which helps spot objects on the horizon. This also reduces the chances of "empty field myopia," where the eyes tend to relax and focus on a closer point, causing distant objects to appear blurry or invisible.

Peripheral Vision

Use your peripheral vision to detect movement. While your central vision is excellent for identifying detail, your peripheral vision is sensitive to motion, which is crucial for spotting fast-moving aircraft. If something catches your eye in your periphery, shift your focus to investigate.

Low Visibility Conditions

In low visibility, such as in clouds, haze, or dusk, relying more on frequent scanning and sensor data is essential. Aircraft may be more problematic to spot visually, so a more aggressive scan pattern may be necessary to maintain situational awareness. Extra vigilance in monitoring TCAS, radar, and other electronic systems is equally important in these conditions.

Use of Technology

Although the human eye is an essential tool for scanning, utilizing technology such as FLIR (Forward-Looking Infrared) systems, radar, and other sensors can be equally important. Airborne sensor operators should constantly scan their equipment for any signs of approaching aircraft or obstacles that might not be visible to the naked eye.

Effective Communication

If traffic is spotted, notify the pilot using the clock position system (e.g., "Traffic at 2 o'clock, level, 5 miles"). Be specific and concise. This allows the pilot to make quick decisions based on the information provided.

Adapting Scanning to the Phase of Flight

Different phases of flight require varying levels of scanning vigilance:

• Climb and Descent - These are high-workload phases where aircraft are closer together in the vertical plane, making scanning critical.
• Cruise - Although there may be more separation at cruising altitude, constant scanning is required, mainly when operating in busy airways or near traffic corridors.
• Terminal Operations - In terminal areas, close aircraft monitoring and constant communication with the pilot is essential, as aircraft often operate at different speeds and altitudes.

Conclusion

Scanning for air traffic from the cockpit is not solely the pilot's responsibility. Airborne sensor operators and non-rated aircrew members are essential in maintaining situational awareness and preventing collisions. By employing effective scanning techniques, using peripheral vision, communicating promptly with the pilot, and integrating sensor data, these crew members contribute significantly to flight safety and mission success. As the last line of defense against mid-air collisions, disciplined visual scanning remains one of the most essential duties for everyone in the cockpit.